The UN Charter is the document through which constitute the United Nations. Its history dates back to July 12, 1941 with the London Declaration, agreed by representatives of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa to beyonds government in exile of Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Luxembourg, Norway , Holland, Poland, Yugoslavia and France represented by General de Gaulle. This document spoke in favor of the establishment of peace jointly, stating that the only basis for lasting peace would be the voluntary cooperation of all free people to avoid the threat of aggression.
Subsequently, 14 August 1941, the President of the United States of America, Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill signed the Atlantic Charter, which state that after the end of the war hope to see established a peace offering to the nations security and that its inhabitants live free from fear and necessity, that all the world's nations to renounce the use of force and establishes the desire of the signatories to promote collaboration among nations with the aim of achieving better working conditions, economic development and social security.
The January 1, 1942 is signed by 26 representatives to the UN Declaration, which establishes the commitment to continue fighting together against the Axis powers. This document is used for the first time the name of the United Nations.
The Moscow Conference of November 1, 1943 and in Tehran, two months later, also urged the creation of a general international organization based on sovereign equality of states, with the aim of avoiding future conflicts.
In 1944 begins to plan the creation of the United Nations at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference that ended on October 7 this year. Among the major advances that have been achieved is the proposal to establish an essential organ in the UN that serve to maintain peace in the world. Later, at the Yalta Conference, the February 11, 1945, it was specified how to vote in that organ.
Finally, between 25 April and 26 June 1945 was the San Francisco Conference, which was based in the Dumbarton Oaks Conference and Yalta, besides taking into account amendments proposed by various governments. This conference established the United Nations Charter and the Statute of the International Court of Justice, which was approved unanimously by the representatives.
The UN Charter entered into force on 24 October 1945, with China, the United States, France, UK, Soviet Union and most other signatories to deposit their instruments of ratification.The Statute of the International Court of Justice, which governs the International Court of Justice is an integral part of the Charter.
The english version of this article will be available soon. In the meanwhile, the text above was the result of a Google translation from portuguese version to english.
